Banning whaling

Whales are the greatest creatures that live on earth, in the seas. Contingent upon their species they can weigh as much as 200 tons, the heaviness of around 12 elephants or 2000 individuals. It has likewise been considered that the cerebrums of whales are created which implies they are canny animals. Since hundreds of years whales have been pursued down for their oil and meat. The way toward slaughtering whales for their meat and oil is called whaling. In the former times just the moderate moving whales were hunted.By the seventeenth entury the interest for whale 011 and meat rose and It wasnt until the eighteenth century when another chasing weapon was imagined. Since spears were designed, quick paced whales like blue whales could be murdered yet it is a brutal method of chasing whales. Whales being the greatest creatures of earth and being headed to nearly termination, It turns into our obligation to boycott chasing whales and safeguard them. Business whaling has driven such a larg e number of whale species to approach annihilation. That as well as different components like sea commotion, contamination, atmosphere changes likewise undermine their existence.In 1 905, since whaler moved to Antarctic waters, South Georgia became he Center for whaling and between 1930-1931 30,000 blue whales were slaughtered and prepared 1 That about drove the blue whales Into elimination as they were not really seen ever Lohan 2 since. In 1986 the International Whaling Commission restricted whaling everywhere throughout the world to shield whales from being pursued yet regardless of that, numerous nations despite everything work on whaling either In mask of research or to keep up the Industrial interest for whale meat and oil. Nations that despite everything work on whaling are Japan, Iceland, Norway.Iceland has as of late alone executed many whales and send huge amounts of solidness meat to Japan whose market Is as of now so loaded with whale meat. In Japan whale meat Is a delic acy and on the affection of logical research It murders whales. Whales set aside effort to develop and furthermore recreate gradually. They just have one youthful one in around 3 years and it requires some investment for a specie to recuperate in the wake of being pursued in masses. Henceforth its numbers lessening to annihilation so effectively that we don't understand the mischief we do by slaughtering whales that are so Important to our ecosystem.People everywhere throughout the world consider business whaling to be unfeeling. These days individuals all around the globe love whales and whale watching trips have become opular. Many see whale looking as a superior choice to whale chasing - It Is a 1 OF3 whales mainstream among people2. â€Å"In the late 1980s, whale viewing got mainstream outside the Ogasawara islands south east of Tokyo where they guarantee to have a 90% achievement rates for watching humpback whales by pontoons during the previous not many years. † Whale w atching trips are offered there ordinarily on occasion for 2 hours or 6 hours.The kinds of Lohan 3 pontoons are plunging vessels, joy pontoons and business/sports angling boats3. Humpback whales and right whales are making a rebound in their numbers because of assurance associations. This, being a triumph, shows that we should hold out more insurance battle for whales on the grounds that numerous species are as yet delicate and can't recoup their numbers rapidly. Numerous individuals consider that the technique for murdering whales is amazingly savage. â€Å"Although whaling armadas might be profoundly complex, furnished with sonar, helicopters, long-run unstable spears and processing plant sends, the real murder is horrific† 4.The way a whale is executed is through a spear, which is 90 kilograms in weight and is shot from a gun. The leader of the spear has a period combined projectile which when hits the whale, detonates and tears the internals of the robust separated. The w hale despite everything keeps on enduring until long stretches of beating when it really kicks the bucket. Whales are savvy animals and it is beyond the realm of imagination to expect to locate an others conscious method of executing them. Individuals state murdering whales is acceptable on the grounds that whales eat a great deal of fish however what we don't understand is over-angling is a greater factor for decline in fishes.Since whales have diminished in numbers fishes ought to have expanded in their numbers yet they haven't, thus we are just to fault for the decreasing of oceanic creatures. Japan has slaughtered hundred of whales considerably after the restriction on whaling. They slaughter whales on the rounds of logical research whereby when a whale is executed researchers recoup portions of the whale, which causes them comprehend the age of the whale, its eating routine, Lohan 4 and birthing rate and the meat is bundled and sold in the market5.Japan's history has indicated that it to a great extent relies upon whale meat for its wellspring of protein and nourishment in this way despite everything murders whales for food. â€Å"NRDC and over twelve other preservation bunches as of late appealed to the Obama organization to make solid move against Iceland under the Pelly Amendment to the Fisherman's Protective Act† 6. Through this, the President can force exchange approvals to a nation that doesn't obey preservation understandings. The United States has been a main worldwide conservator for whaling.To summarize everything, Whales have been pursued for quite a long time to such a degree, that numerous types of whales have been headed to eradication and it requires some investment for a specie to recoup its numbers in light of the moderate pace of whale propagation and development. It is more gainful to have whale watching than murdering whales since whale watching fills in as a wellspring of pay through the travel industry. Whale oil used to be so ught after in the times past however because of modernization and lternatives for whale oil , the benefits from whaling has diminished on the grounds that now a days whale oil is once in a while used.The techniques for killing whales are insensitive as they are When shot, they may take as long as an hour to bite the dust yet meanwhile endure. Nations despite everything work on whaling either through appearance of logical research or business whaling. Utilizations of whale meat Lohan 5 can be destructive in light of the fact that the mercury content in them was seen as high as concentrated in Japan. Whales are critical to our environment and without them the marine biological system is inconceivably influenced. Whales are wonderful animals and are espected and cherished all around the world.They are shrewd and furthermore the greatest on earth. Chasing them to annihilation is Just another projection of how remorseless and heartless humanity can be. Forbidding whaling ought to be kept up all around the globe yet with stricter inconveniences.

Lynx Essays (1048 words) - Lynx, Bobcat, Predators, Trapping, Kitten

Lynx With a jump and a bounce the rapid lynx pursues the dyed white bunny through the shrubs. Poof! The bunny vanishes into the sparkly white powder. At that point the tricky lynx finds the trail of the rabbit and jumps toward the little hairball. The sharp prolonged hooks don't dive in, and the rabbit's long slim legs jump start himself out of the gap and out of peril. The quick feline swings his paws around to hit the quick rabbit, yet he hits the snow directly under his back legs. The rabbit runs directly between two willow trees and into a restricted opening which has a lot of fallen willow trees. The rabbit has gotten away from the lynx this one time, yet the lynx will discover other food. The lynx is a pale earthy colored to earthy dim with dark streaks on its neck, temple, and on the back. It has a short tail, long tuffed ears, long slim legs, wide feet for control in the day off, long delicate hide. The lynx will develop to be 30 to 40 inches in length, what's more, 24 to 28 inches high from feet to shoulders. They generally weight 15 to 45 pounds. At the point when you see the lynx, from the start sight, it looks emaciated and thin, yet it is truly quick and strong. The back legs are longer than the fore legs for better jumping capacity. From the front the lynx looks regal with its hair on its face coming out to two focuses (Myers 136). The lynx is firmly identified with the catamount, which populates the north American area. The wildcat doesn't have large soft paws, or isn't as large as the lynx in relative size. They have two diverse food assortments. The lynx eats bunnies ,and furthermore may go after little deer, dall sheep, grouse, mice. Once in a while they feed on fish. Then again catamounts feed on grouse , fish, and other little rodents. Lynx pursue and still chase their prey. They pursue rabbits or they keep awake on precipices and branches, and holding up to jump on the creature as it passes by. The lynx ranges from Alaska, as far as possible across Canada. The lynx are generally found in peak woods and thick undercovers. They are generally discovered where rabbits are bottomless. On the off chance that there are no bunnies in the region, they travel out into the tundra to discover food. Lynx breed during March and April. The incubation time frame is 60 days in length ( Myers 135) . They will have from 1-4 little cats every year. They normally have sanctums, where they keep their little cats, in empty trees or under a heap of brush. The cats remain with the female until well into the following winter. The little cats don't open their eyes until 10 days after birth. They likewise just medical caretaker for 3 to 4 months. At the point when the number of inhabitants in the bunnies are up the litters of 2 to 4 cats have a ton better opportunity to make due in the wild with their folks. At the point when food isn't plenteous the female lynx probably won't have a litter at such year or not until the bunnies have returned. Lynx as a rule are quiet, however the guys make a shrieking clamor to discover a mate during rearing season. The odd thing about the lynx is the point at which it is in a snare. It doesn't make a sound. It stays there tranquilly tolerating its demise. The Lynx are shrewd animals that lurk around evening time to discover their food. That is typically the motivation behind why individuals don't see the lynx out in the wild a ton. The lynx are touchy to brilliant light, in light of the fact that their eyes are made to see around evening time. Grown-up guys typically chase alone, not in packs like wolves.The females normally chase with their family if the little cats are mature enough to come. The packs chase with their mom and take in aptitudes from her until they leave in the fallowing winter. The gigantic feet of the lynx give it amazing nimbleness in the day off. The lynx has been known to pursue down moderate cumbersome fox that has thin and slim feet that don't give them any influence on the day off. Catching lynx isn't especially simple. Trappers utilize the two catches and traps on the lynx. A bottomless number of bunnies implies there will be a ton of lynx that year. In the years when lynx are bottomless, an acceptable trapper may take twelve out of a month. The fine hide of

How PoC-Only Bookstore Duende District is Changing the Game

How PoC-Only Bookstore Duende District is Changing the Game In April of 2017, poet Angela Spring launched a Kickstarter campaign for a radical idea: a mobile bookstore that only sold work by people of color. A veteran bookseller and former manager of DC favorite Politics Prose, Spring knew that her diverse city was missing a place that catered to communities of color. She knew that these books needed to get into the hands of people who needed them in an inviting, accessible way; a place that empowered the neighborhood and brought together communities that were underserved. Duende District now has three pop-up locations in the DC area, hosts events and author readings, and is a rapidly growing force for change. Not only has Duende District stuck to their motto of “Todas Las Vocesâ€"All voices,” but it presents a unique, alternative concept of what a bookstore can be. When you started to put together the concept for Duende District, what are some things that were important for you to center around? In the beginning, when Duende District was just an idea, I knew the biggest component needed was for it to be a bookstore centered around people of color, not just in the periphery, as it is in most bookstores. Sometimes were not even in the periphery. I have worked in many stores across the country, and too few people of color work in senior-level positions or own bookstores. And the people I worked with are  amazing.  I want them to have every opportunity. I believe in helping people up with you. I wanted to create a space where people of color were unhindered by institutional racism and can shine their own light onto a project they believe in. I also wanted to redefine bookselling and flip the model of what a modern bookstore could and should be. As it exists now, the traditional model of building a bookstore business precludes a level of cultural, societal and monetary privilege that high-level book culture does not make it to communities of color and keeps people like myself, with a load of accumulated debt (student loan) or otherwise, from accessing bank loans or financing. If we can find a better, less financially burdensome way to building these stores, then we open up the bookstore industry to true inclusion and bring high-quality book culture to communities that havent had it before. What do you feel are some of the benefits of a pop-up model? What do you think you lose or gain by not having a single set location? The main benefit is very low overhead, which is the financial ballgame for a bookstore, and increased mobility and visibility. I call Duende District a collaborative pop-up bookstore, and what we do is build on the foundation of the concept of the community bookstore by collaborating with community organizations to create these PoC bookstore spaces. While the pop-up shop is by no means a new thing, or the pop-up bookstore, Ive just made it smaller and streamlined it. I focus on frontlist (new), a little backlist that I personally love, and basically set it up as a frontlist/display store with depth that I can create in any space 500 sq ft or under.   I constantly develop my model because with each pop-up, I learn new things. And with the launch of two long-term collaborative pop-ups (which I call mission-based vendor boutique bookstores) with MahoganyBooks and Toli Moli, Ive expanded Duende Districts reach in a sustainable way. And I use the pop-ups for research to see which neighborhood not only wants a bookstore but if they are willing/able to financially support a bookstore.   The only thing I really lose by not having a set location for the larger pop-up is the ability to settle into one place. The flipside to that, however, is Im not locked into a location where either the community doesnt support me or a landlord has decided they want a more viable business or they jack up the rent or the neighborhood demographics change too rapidly. These reasons have been many a bookstores death knell.   How do you go about deciding on locations?   My whole process is organic. Im a people person and I love meeting new people and learning about what they do. So my pop-up locations are decided by people who love what Duende District is and want to find a way to bring it to their community. I have a general sense of areas I want to get into but I dont force it. And so far, this method has led me very well.   How do you curate your collection? Im assuming that since you have a limited amount of space, youre making specific selections about what to carry in your store. What are some things that you look out for during the buying process?   I spend hours upon hours going through publisher frontlist catalogs, reading galleys, looking up book reviews, and following up on PoC book influencers recommendations on social media. Its vital to me that since my stock is so limited, that each selection be fierce and brilliant. I focus on literary fiction, memoir/essays, poetry, graphic novels, romance, speculative fiction and childrens books, all in English and Spanish. Theres already a limited selection of books written or illustrated by people of color, but I want the best. I want books that look gorgeous on display and when you open them up, they blow you away. Theyre books that are powerful, evocative, delightful, breathtaking. They are exceptional books. And they are all by people of color because our stories are not just stories told solely through the lens of our oppression or history. And I want to make sure those books are as representative of all PoC cultures as possible.   Are there any trends youve noticed with people who come into your store? Are they looking for anything specific? What flies off the shelves? What are some great customer experiences youve had? When people of color come into my store, its often a marvelous thing. They look around and talk to me and realize all these books are for  us. Were not often made to feel special and hardly any literary spaces are created for us. What I sell tends to vary location to location, but childrens picture and board books always sell excellently. People are always looking for kids books that are representative. Honestly, 9 out of 10 of my customer experiences are amazing. I love my customers so much. Theyre my community and their support buoys me, makes me get up everyday even when Im exhausted and work even harder.   What are some of the joys and struggles of running a PoC-only bookstore?   Again, the joys are all the amazing fellow PoC Ive met that support me and who are doing absolutely amazing things, as well. I love collaborating with these people, theyre the best. Derrick and Ramunda Young of MahoganyBooks and Simone Jacobson and Eric Wang, the owners of Toli Moli in Union Market, are all brilliant. I am blessed to be in their orbit in to create literary spaces with them. The struggle really only comes from the frustration of knowing we have  so far  to go in hiring PoC throughout the publishing and book industries so we can get more books published and championed. Again, not just stories told about our struggles and oppression or about our historical figures, but  our  stories. I want to read adult trade books that make me feel an entire range of emotions, not just heavy/angry/sad. Wheres our Donna Tartt or David Sedaris? And also,  people are not a trend. I cannot say this enough. I love that several Dominican-heritage writers are getting books published this year, but we arent vampires or zombiesâ€"these books should be published all the time because theyre amazing, but it worries me to see us being reduced to trendsâ€"oh, this is the year we publish X-kind of Latinx books! Oh my god, NO. Stop it, publishers. Stop de-humanizing us that way. Why do you feel it is important to have a place specifically for people of color? How have you seen the effects on your community?   I want a place specifically for people of color because Ive never had one. I grew up in bookstores but never realized how those spaces showed me how un-seen and un-heard I was. If Id stepped into a bookstore like Duende District as a child, I might have grown up in a completely different way. Just like if Id read  The Poet X  by Elizabeth Acevedo as a 16-year-old, I could have been a different person.   We deserve this. We deserve a beautiful, warm literary space full of books about us, our experiences, our lives, our stories, written by us. A space that celebrates all of us, black and brown, from every shade and walk of life.   I dont really know what the effects on my community are but I know people always want to collaborate with me to bring Duende District to new places. If someone wants Duende District in their community, I will find a way to make it happen in some capacity. So I hope that means its having a good effect on my community! What are some of your hopes and goals for Duende District?   Ive tabled a brick and mortar at the moment because Im looking at expanding Duende District beyond the D.C.-Maryland-Virginia area. I have switched to multi-month pop-ups for the bigger, roving pop-up. I really want to take this mission and store to as many communities as possible, especially back to my home state of New Mexico.   What do you have coming up that youre excited about?   Our next pop-up takes me back to Virginia, in Alexandria, with the Torpedo Factory, in May and June. Im excited to connect with a new community. Then Im planning on returning to one of my most supportive communities for a 3- or 4-month pop-up in the fall. Im also looking at the possibility of opening up up to two more long-term pop-ups in the DMV area before setting my sights westward. DC Rioters can find Duende District at BloomBars in Columbia Heights until April 8, at MahoganyBooks in The Anacostia Arts Center, and at Toli Moli in Union Market. Check out  duendedistrict.com for more information,  and check them out on Facebook, Twitter, and Instagram Looking for more bookish things to do in Washington DC? Check out Literary Tourism: A Book Lovers Guide to Washington DC

Whats the National Symbol of Italy

The history of the emblema della Repubblica Italiana (symbol of Italy) begins in October 1946 when the government of Alcide De Gasperi appointed a special commission chaired by Ivanoe Bonomi. Bonomi, an Italian politician and statesman, envisioned the symbol as a collaborative effort amongst his countrymen. He decided to organize a national competition with only two design directives: include the star of Italy, ispirazione dal senso della terra e dei comuni (inspired by the sense of the land and the common good)exclude any political party symbols   The first five finishers would win a prize of 10,000 lire. The First Contest 341 candidates responded to the competition, submitting 637 black and white drawings. The five winners were invited to prepare new sketches, this time with a specific theme imposed by the Commission: una cinta turrita che abbia forma di corona (a city in the form of a turreted crown), surrounded by a garland of leaves of native flora. Below the main design element, the representation of the sea, at the top, the star of Italy with gold, and finally, the words Unità   (unity) and Libertà   (freedom). First place was awarded to Paul Paschetto, who was awarded another 50,000 lire and given the task of preparing the final design. The Commission conveyed the updated design to the government for approval and placed it on display with the other finalists in an exhibition in February 1947. The choice of a symbol may have seemed complete, but the goal was still far away. The Second Contest Paschettos design, however, was rejected—it was actually referred to as a tub—and a new commission was appointed to conduct a second competition. At the same time, the commission indicated they favored a symbol linked to the concept of work. Again Paschetto emerged victorious, even though his design was subject to further revisions by members of the Commission. Finally, the proposed design was presented to the Assemblea Costituente, where it was approved on January 31, 1948. After other formalities were addressed and the colors agreed upon, the President of the Italian Republic, Enrico De Nicola, signed decree number 535 on May 5, 1948, giving Italy its own national symbol. The Author of the Symbol Paul Paschetto was born February 12, 1885, in Torre Pellice, near Torino, where he died March 9, 1963. He was a professor at the Istituto di Belle Arti in Rome from 1914 to 1948. Paschetto was a versatile artist, working in media such as block printing, graphic arts, oil painting, and frescoes. He designed, among other things, a number of francobolli (stamps), including the first issue of the Italian airmail stamp. Interpreting the Symbol The symbol of the Italian Republic is characterized by four elements: a star, a gear wheel, an  olive, and oak branches. The olive branch symbolizes the desire for peace in the nation, both in the sense of internal harmony as well as that of international brotherhood. The oak branch, which encircles the symbol on the right, embodies the strength and dignity of the Italian people. Both species, typical of Italy, were chosen to represent the Italian arboreal heritage. The steel gear wheel, a symbol indicating work, is a reference to the first article of the Italian Constitution: LItalia à ¨ una Repubblica democratica fondata sul lavoro (Italy is a democratic republic founded on work). The star is one of the oldest objects of the Italian iconographic heritage and has always been associated with the personification of Italy. It was part of the iconography of the Risorgimento, and also appeared, until 1890, as the emblem of the united kingdom of Italy. The star later came to represent the Ordine della Stella dItalia, and today is used to indicate membership in the Italian armed forces.

Behavioral Contracting At The Classroom - 2012 Words

Introduction: Behavioral contracting in the classroom can improve a students success in school; with the behavioral contract students are not punished for their bad behavior, but are rewarded for the good behavior. The contract lays out the expected behavior, the behavior that the child should not do, the reward for improving their behavior, and the consequences for failing to improve. This contract should be talked over with the student’s parents; having their support in the process is key. If they are not also implementing the contract then the plan could fall through. Steps and procedures: To begin behavioral contracting a teacher makes a referral, then parents visit the counselor’s office to discuss the plan for correcting the misbehavior. The first step to the plan is defining the behaviors. There is an acceptable behavior and the unacceptable behavior, and this step is crucial to the success of the contracting because pointing out the good behavior, the one the teacher and parents desire to see makes it to where the child has a clear understanding of what is expected of them. A major point to remember during this is positivity, children are more likely to do what is expected (the positive) than to refrain from doing what they are not supposed to do (the negative). Avoid defining the unaccepted behavior as â€Å"do nots† and â€Å"should nots† this can result in the child thinking they have no options, â€Å"If I cannot do this, then what can I do?† (That thought can promote themShow MoreRelatedClassroom Behavior640 W ords   |  3 Pages(1982). Contingency Contracting With Disadvantaged Youths: Improving Classroom Performance, (3), 447-454 Classroom behavior management can be one of the most difficult issues teachers face today. 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One study suggests that more than 70% of school-aged students who were sent to jail were actually arrested in school. The majority of arrest were for nonviolent acts, disrupting the classroom, and being disrespectful to teachers and peers. It is clear that some teachers play a role in student conflict; Therefore making it impossibleRead MoreBehavior Management Project Essay1759 Words   |  8 Pagesstudent’s classroom behavior but on her class work as well. Most of her daily disruptive behaviors are mild and easily corrected; behaviors observed were tipping backwards in her chair and resuming the behavior soon after being told not to do this, an d talking when the teacher is talking. These behaviors however do not cause major disruptions in the classroom, as the class frequently moves from activity to activity throughout the day. 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She also explained that it is the vision that the children who attend the RockRead MoreBehavioral Social Cognitive Views of Learning2981 Words   |  12 PagesIn-charge : Lecturer : Lecture 2: Behavioral Social Cognitive Views of Learning Lecture Highlights: ï‚ § ï‚ § ï‚ § ï‚ § ï‚ § Definitions of Behavioral Learning Theory Classical Conditioning – Pavlov Operant Conditioning - Skinner Trial-and-error Learning / The Law of Effect - Thorndike Social Learning Theory - Bandura I. ï‚ ¨ Behavioral Learning Theories: Explanations of learning that focus on external events as the cause of changes in observable behaviors†¦ the behavioral view generally assumes that the outcomeRead MoreJuveniles1358 Words   |  6 Pagesattitudes surrounding risky sexual behavior and condom use among juveniles involved in the justice system? Quantity and Quality of the Research Literature There is evidence that juveniles involved in the justice system have an elevated risk for contracting Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) and Sexually Transmitted Infections STIs) due to higher rates of psychopathology, illicit substance use, and lack of exposure to HIV/STI risk-reduction interventions in schools as compared to their non-justiceRead MoreA Case Study for Adhd Students4596 Words   |  19 Pages2010): 1.) Student is referred by a teacher, support staff, parent, physician, or therapist. 2.) 504 plan meeting is held Plan for student is developed Review date is set 3.) Accommodations- A diabetic student may be allowed to eat in the classroom or student may be permitted to go to the office to receive medication 4.) Assignments or testing conditions may be adjusted ( more time, less or modified test questions) Having a student such as Fred in class can be very frustrating, but we asRead More Distance Learning as an Effective Enhancement to the Elementary School Curriculum2000 Words   |  8 PagesDistance Learning as an Effective Enhancement to the Elementary School Curriculum Distance learning does not replace the existing classroom; rather it has proven to be an effective and useful tool in expanding the elementary school curriculum. Distance learning is defined as the â€Å"education for students working at home, with little or no face-to-face with teachers and with material provided remotely, for example through email, television, or correspondence† (Encarta World English Dictionary, 2001)

Records Managment Free Essays

National Archives and Records Administration PC-GSM: President Office Public Service Management Records and Management Departments President Office Public Service Management Economic Social Records foundation Department for International Development Service Civil Technical College -RPC: Tanzania Public Service College. Firstly I extend my sincere thanks to father Jesus Christ who has proved to me that is not by might or by power but by the spirit in him nothing is impossible. If it was not God grace I would not have produced this great field report in his wisdom he has always led me to greater heights. We will write a custom essay sample on Records Managment or any similar topic only for you Order Now This is to acknowledge that the work of this report could not be completed without the support of other people during my field attachment training at Inference Limited. In that regard I take this opportunity to express my sincere thanks to Mr.. Edwin Kananga who is Managing Director, for his support and for putting the necessary required working environment which enabled me to complete my field attachment. I also thank my Employer Mr.. Frank Ole Enjoin, for giving me permission of four weeks to complete my field training at Inference. I thank also all staff of Inference Ltd for working with me during my four weeks stay at the firm. This reports present in four chapters’ lesson learned from Inference Limited during my field attachment training. Chapter one briefly presents the introduction and historical background of Inference Limited and its Vision, Mission Statement, objectives and current organization chart. Chapter two present field attachment training gained in terms of description of Inference Limited; duties assigned during my field attachment; Achievements made; problems experienced and Skills acquired. Chapter three discusses major problems and challenges encountered by Inference Record Office. I also propose possible solutions. Chapter four presents field attachment training conclusions and Recommendation Reference and Appendices How to cite Records Managment, Papers

Medical Testing On Animals Essays (801 words) - Animal Welfare

Medical Testing On Animals Animals have been used in medical research for centuries. In a recent count, it was determined that 8,815 animals were being used for research at MSU, 8,503 of them rodents - rats, mice, hamsters and gerbils. There were 18 dogs, three cats and a variety of goats, ferrets, pigeons and rabbits. The struggle against this tyranny is a struggle as important as any of the moral and social issues that have been fought over in recent years." Animal rights are an emotional issue-second only, perhaps, to the bitter abortion debate." For decades the value of animal research has been grossly overrated. Although researchers have depended on animal test data to achieve medical advances, there should be other means of research because testing on animals is cruel and inhumane and often unnecessary. The American Medical Association believes that research involving animals is absolutely essential to maintaining and improving the health of the American people. They point out, that virtually every advance in medical science in the 20th century, from antibiotics to organ transplants, has been achieved either directly or indirectly through the use of animals in laboratory experiments. They also emphasize that animal research holds the key for solutions to AIDS, cancer, heart disease, aging and congenital defects. Lastly they insist that, the result of these experiments has been the elimination or control of many infectious diseases. This has meant a longer, healthier , better life with much less pain and suffering. For many patients, it has meant life it self. However, there should be other means of research because the whole process of animal research remains cruel and inhumane. Animal rights activists have gathered much information that has closed down laboratories that violate anti- cruelty statutes. "This includes a 1984 videotape stolen from the University of Pennsylvania Head Injury Clinic. The research subsequently suspended, reportedly involved inadequately anesthetized baboons receiving blows to the head to break their necks and cause brain damage." Alex Pacheo gives a first-person account of the conditions he witnessed in a primate laboratory. He is horrified by the painful experiments these monkeys endure. "On May 11,1981 I began work[at the Institute for Behavioral Research] and was given a tour.... I saw filth caked on the wires of the cages, faces piled in the bottom of the cages, urine and rust encrusting every surface. There, amid this rotting stench, sat sixteen crab-eating macaques and one rhesus monkey, their liv limited to metal boxes just 17 3/4 inches wide.... [An old refrigerator] had been converted into a chamber containing a plexiglass immobilizing chair. A monkey would be placed in a chamber, and electrodes attached to his body. The monkey would be forced to try to squeeze a bottle of fluid with his surgically crippled arm in order to stop the painful electric shock that coursed through his body. The ceiling and walls of the chamber were covered with blood. I remember Dr. Taub's assistant, John Kunz, telling me that some monkeys would break their arms in desperate attempts to escape the chair and the intense electric shocks." Young chimpanzees, 3 or 4 years old, were crammed, two together, into tiny cages. They could hardly turn around. Not yet part of any experiment , they had been confined in these cages for more than three months. The chimps had each other for comfort, but they would not remain together for long. Once they are infected, probably with hepatitis, they will be s eparated and placed in another cage. And there they will remain, living in conditions of severe sensory deprivation, for the next several years. During that time, they will become insane. From the capture of primates in the wild, to the "factory-like" breeding of mice and dogs, to the confinement and isolation of cages - research is inherently cruel. History has shown that many important medical advances have been made by clinical research and close observations of human patients, not animal research, which is often unnecessary. "There are whole countries that don't use healthy animals to train veterinarians or teach surgical techniques," said Liska, who's been researching the issue since 1974. In England they use only sick or injured animals and do much work on animal cadavers. "Humans can give informed consent. Monkeys and dogs can't." Many AIDS patients have said they are willing to try out new drugs. "Instead, we use Rhesus monkeys." "I actually have hurt animals unnecessarily out of ignorance," says Dr. Sherman Bloom. "If you're preaching reverence for animal life, you're preaching reverence for life , period. And violence is the opposite of reverence

25 Growth Hacks Your Content Marketing Desperately Needs

25 Growth Hacks Your Content Marketing Desperately Needs Growth hacking is a marketing technique that uses creativity, analytical thinking, and social metrics to sell products and gain exposure, according to Wikipedia. When your product is your content, applying growth hacks to it makes perfect sense. If theres anything you want for your content, its exposure. 25 #GrowthHacks That Will Amplify Your Content Marketing Why Do I Need Growth Hacks For My Content Marketing? One of the things that we have been talking about quite a bit on this blog is a concept that we've come up with called content hacking. It's about learning to get more from your content than just another blog post with the occasional tweet. It's about using your content to drive maximum traffic and lots of attention. It's about getting results, in other words. After all, why else would you be creating content? With that in mind, here are 25 killer ways that you can hack your content marketing, in no particular order. 1. Write Awesome Headlines Headlines matter.  A  lot. You already know this, yet you still write mushy headlines that don't always drive results. Why do you do this? If you needed further proof at just how important a headline is, consider Inbound.org, a site that is about "voting" up content based on the headline. Maybe that isn't how it is supposed to work ideally, but a simple scroll through the homepage and it's easy to see that headlines  are a factor.   Recently, I took some advice from Upworthy.com and started writing a minimum of 25 headlines for every blog post  (we'll talk more about this in a bit) that I write. It hasn't always been easy, but it has paid off well. My headlines are better than before, though I am sure that I still have a long way to go. Write headlines that get people to want your full content even if all they have to go on is that headline. Write Better Headlines With A  Free Headline Analyzer The headline analyzer  will help you: Use headline types that get the most traction for social shares, traffic, and search engine ranking. Make sure you have the right word balance to write readable headlines that command attention. See the best  word and character length for search engines like Google and email subject lines, while also seeing  how your readers will scan your headlines. Try The Free Headline Analyzer Now 2. Make Content More Sharable How easy is it for your readers to share your content? It's not that readers are lazy, but they aren't going to work too hard to share a post; you need to make it easy for them. I'm sure you have a few share buttons, but are you placing sharing options within your post itself? Simple WordPress plugins like and Markerly allow you to make the content in your post shareable with a simple click. These are important triggers that you can use to get your readers sharing content for you. Create beautiful boxes in your blog posts. #ClickToTweet 3. Test Share Button Positions Where are the share buttons on your page? Are they above or below the fold? Believe it or not, but it can make a difference.  AddThis (one of the leading social sharing tools) suggests that social share buttons placed "above the fold" performed the best for most sites. Keep your button near the top of the page: Avoid making your readers scroll to find your sharing button. It is okay to have the button at the top and bottom of the page, but  users will find it easier at the top. Of course, this may not be the case for each site, so it is important to try out a few different arrangements. In some situations, you can even keep them fixed to the side of your blog post. 4. SEO Keywords For Targeting It feels like SEO is becoming a bit less important in the new order of content marketing, but I am not convinced that it shouldn't matter at all. One of the big benefits of choosing keywords is that it keeps you in touch with your audience. You will know what they are searching for, and what is on their mind. I recommend learning how to use Google Adwords to find keywords that work for your audience. Generate a list, and write a post to go with each group of keywords. There are several plugins out there that will keep you honest. WordPress SEO Plugin:  Yoast's plugin is certainly the most popular SEO plugin out there, and it's pretty powerful for being free. It will analyze the content in your post to make sure that it is staying true to your keywords. It is a must-have for every blogger. Scribe:  While it requires a monthly fee, Scribe makes it even easier to analyze your content and make sure that you are staying true to your keywords. I have found it to be the best plugin available for content analysis, and well worth the price of admission. 5. Let Your Content Lead To A Call To Action Every time someone reads your content, you should be leading them to an inevitable call to action. On the blog, we provide a sticky header  that offers our readers all of the helpful guides we've ever written in exchange for a simple email address. This simple header  leads to hundreds of new "leads" each month. It's simple, helpful, and worth including on every post. Neil Patel does a great job of asking for action from his readers at the bottom of every post. There is nothing wrong with asking as long as you are providing value to your readers. 6. Add A Pop-Up. Yes, A Pop-Up. Ok, now let's take it one step further. Maybe you need to make your call to action a little more actionable like this pop-up ad from GrooveHQ. Groove's super-compelling pop-up. Who wouldn't want to grow their business? I know that pop-ups aren't always well-loved, but they do work. It's hard to argue with results. Give the OptinMonster plugin a try, and grab the 'exit intent' add-on while you do. This plugin will only "pop-up" on readers that are already leaving your site. What do you have to lose? You also need to pay close attention to the text on your pop-up. For example, take a look at Groove's language above.  Who doesn't want to grow their business? This is a compelling call to action. Make your call to action something that no one can refuse. 7. Gamify Your Blog Gamification is subject unto itself, but it takes advantage of a key component of growth hacking–the desire to make what we do and what we think, as readers, public.  There is a unique human desire for connectivity and personal sharing that makes sites like Facebook and Twitter work. Why not use this for your own site? Poststat.us, a site that uses Love It Pro to gamify its reading process. One of the ways that we can do this is with a WordPress plugin call Love It Pro. This simple plugin allows visitors to 'vote' on your posts with a simple button. You can track your most loved posts in a sidebar widget, or use them as a way to prioritize them on your homepage. This simple gamification will make your content all the more sticky. 8. Use Your Network For More Than Self-Promotion So often, we think about our blog and social networks as outbound channels–channels for sharing our content with others, but not necessarily connecting with them.  Chris Lema is a blogger who knows better. Lema blogs regularly about the products he loves and people that he respects. He is a well-know force in the WordPress community simply because of his willingness to reach out and give generously.  Jump on Chris's email list, and you will know what I mean. It may not sound like a content marketing growth hack at first, but using your blog to make friends with key players in your industry is a great idea, a great way to make friends, and a method of building referrals and shares. 9. Guest Blogging Yeah yeah yeah, Matt Cutts said that guest blogging is dead. He didn't mean it. At least not really. Guest blogging as a link-building tool is dead, but as a way to build trust and awareness for your personal brand, it is very much alive. Guest blogging is still a powerful method  for promotion and professional networking if you're doing it right. Referral links from guest posts provide consistent traffic and recognition. At , we've had an aggressive guest blogging campaign since launch, and there isn't a day that it doesn't pay off. As you can see, many of our top referrals come from guests posts day in and day out. This doesn't even take into account the 'street credit' that we build by writing on these blogs. Guest blogging is still a classic way to hack your content marketing. 10. Think Beyond The Borders As a blogger, it can be pretty easy to think only in terms of our own blog, but if we were honest with ourselves, we'd see that there is a whole big world out there. Modern content marketers need to think beyond the borders of their blog and take their content elsewhere. Here are a few ideas: Videos on YouTube Podcasts and audio content Udemy course, or Skillshare Slideshow Quora, or other answer sites Forum contributions The thing that we have to keep in mind is that our content is still connected to us and to our own authority, no matter where it's hosted. Building traffic isn't always about the traffic. Sometimes it's about the authority and relationships that we build. That's what makes it a perfect growth  hack. 11. Write Longer Copy Blogger Neil Patel recently published a great post regarding  search rankings and post length  on his blog. In his research, he discovered an "average content length for a web page that ranks in the top 10 results for any keyword on Google has at least 2,000 words." I did my own research and found very similar results. So, what does that mean for you? Well, clearly you need to write more! Source  Quick Sprout No matter how we spin the results, longer copy is rewarded by Google. As pointed out in my own research, content length isn't the only key to success–quality still matters–but you  have to know that the length of your post matters a lot. 12. Write More Headlines, At Least 25 It may sounds like old news, but your headline is one of the most important aspects of your post. If you mess it up, you lose your chance at ever achieving a real content hack. Upworthy.com knows a thing or two about headlines. In their slide deck The Sweet Science Of Virality,  they emphasize the importance of the headline again and again. More importantly, they emphasize the value in writing a minimum of 25 headlines for each post. The full Upworthy presentation is excellent, and definitely worth a look, a bookmark, and possibly even a print out. It's that good. We also break down the results a bit further here, and provide some details on WHY writing more headlines works so well. 13. Shoot For Virality Speaking of Upworthy.com, there is a lot more that we can learn from them. Their entire model is built on the simple idea that they can manufacture virality with the right formula. You may think that it can't be done, but they've come as close to it as anyone, and they've even given us a few of their keys for success. It seems that the key is to be a true connoisseur of human nature. You need to understand how people think. As a blogger, trying to understand what motivates people to share content is an important step in the process.  Upworthy has invested the time in understanding this, and it has allowed them to virtually manufacture viral growth. As content hackers, we should certainly try to do the same. 14. Link To Your Posts From Your Posts We all know that links are a good thing when it comes to the search rankings and the web, and we all want others to link to our content. But what about linking to our own content for a change?  Google rewards this behavior as well, and it is an important step in the blogging process. The trick is to choose key phrases in your new blog post that can be cross-linked to other posts on your blog. For example, if you have written a blog post for the keyword 'write better headlines,' it would make sense to link to that post using a variety of phrases such as 'here's how we write great headlines,' or 'writing better headlines is easy.' As Google indexes your page, it will take into account both the link, and the text that you are using to connect the two posts. The result is better ranking for you. 15. Infographics One of the lessons that many content marketers have been learning lately is that the more time you spend on your content, the more likely you will have a pay-off. The more time you spend on your #content, the more likely you will have a pay-off. #bloggingHard work and effort matter, and this applies to your content. This is something that Moz engineer  Ã‚  Dr. Peter J. Meyers calls big content. Infographics, particularly well-researched ones, can certainly fall into this category. Our recent infographic on content hacking resulted in 10x more shares than our more conventional posts, and it is still bringing in new traffic each day. If the key is better content,  infographics are a fun way to go about it and a relatively easy way to growth hack your content marketing. 16. Offer A Free Course Creating content that you can reuse in multiple different ways is a huge content hack. A great example of this is a blog series that you turn into an ebook or an email autoresponder course. Serious content hackers learn to stretch their content as far as it will go. Udemy.com is a great place to offer your free or paid online course. Online learning is a currently undergoing huge growth, and it's a great place to showcase your reusable content. Sites like Udemy, Google Helpouts,  or Skillshare allow you to create step-by-step courses for your audience. You can choose to give them away for free, or to sell them for a profit. Either way, it's a great way to get more life out of the content that you created, and find new fans who discover you through your course. 17. Tell A Great Story In 2013, Groove did a really brave thing. They shut down their content marketing blog, a blog that was already bringing them 10,000 unique visitors each month. It was both a bold move and, as it turns out, a great idea. Groove decided to shift their story from "generic evergreen content" to the story of their own success. Now Groove is sharing intimate details about their journey to making 500k in revenue each month. It's a bold move, and requires an unprecedented level of transparency. Fortunately though, it has paid off in spades. In the first 5 weeks of the new blog, Groove gained 5,000 new email subscribers! It's hard to argue with results like that. This comes back to some of the things I mentioned about virality: We love connecting to others on an emotional/personal level. Stories and transparency help bridge that gap. A great way to hack your content marketing is to use this natural instinct of people wanting to know and connect in this way to your advantage. 18.  A/B Test Your 'About Us' Page Your 'About Us' page is one of the most visited areas of your website. Unfortunately, it’s often one of the most ignored, especially when it comes to a good call to action. Use some of the advice from this article to create a second version of your About Page and test out your changes with Optimizely, a service that helps you with A/B testing. For some inspiration, take a look at how Copyblogger places an effective call to action right in the middle of their About Us page. You're telling people who you are. Why wouldn't you give them the opportunity to connect now that they've gotten to know you? 19. Get Good At Email Marketing It's 2015, but email is not extinct. Freelance writer Barry Feldman wrote an email marketing mega-post on the entire subject that covers it from top to bottom, but the easy summation of it is this: Email marketing is a tactic that you must get right. Over and over again, it's been proven that email marketing will consistently result in more conversions and more paying customers than social media. It is just that good. At , email marketing is a major part of what we do. We offer several opportunities for readers to join our Content Marketing Update each week. It's an email newsletter that is filled with the most recent content marketing articles from around the web. It is a simple product, but it still brings in hundreds of new signups each week. The bottom line is that email works, and if you aren't using it to the fullest potential, you need to be. It's the classic way to growth hack your content marketing. Recommended Reading:  21+ Easy Ways To Build An Email List That Will Skyrocket By 552% In 1 Year 20.  Share Visuals Buffer looked into their tweets a while back and found they got 150% more clickthroughs when they shared images with their tweets instead of just text alone. But what if you could get even more engagement with your social messages than Buffer? Can you master the #hashtag better than @jimmyfallon? https://t.co/A4SrKpeQPi pic.twitter.com/uJBAhtQFt9 (@) October 27, 2015 When we started researching the best ways to get the most clickthroughs from social media, we started sharing a few GIFs in our tweets. Those  tweets got 22.3% more engagement than our tweets with graphics alone- and 166.6% more clickthroughs. Motion in social media feeds can stop scrollers dead in their tracks. If you're using plain text social messages, think of hacking your networks with images, GIFs, and videos. 21.  Grow Your Google+ Audience Search is now social, and one of the best ways to get noticed on search is to get noticed on Google+, Google's own social network. Many brands have a presence on Google+, but place little priority on the network because they've focused on Facebook or Twitter. Now is the time to change that. The more people that have you in your Google+ circles, the more likely you are to show up in social search, the default setting for Google searches. Weight is put on those in your circles when it comes to the search results on this setting. You want to show up in other's searches? Get in their circles. These days, SEO is all about social connections and great content, so getting as embedded as you can in the Google+ network only makes sense. This is a simple content marketing hack–get more followers on Google+. Get found in Google search. 22.  Promote Your Content On Social Media More Than Once In case you haven't heard, it's ok to promote your content on social media more than once. Networks like Twitter actually require it for true success. One of the easiest ways to grow the number of readers for each post you write is to simply share it more often. If each share results in a few new clicks, the math should take care of itself pretty quickly. At , we not only make this process easy by connecting social media scheduling right to your blogging workflow, we also provide a detailed guide on how to promote your content on social media (more than once). 23.  Autoresponder The Universe Email-based autoresponder courses are an epic content marketing growth hack that you should be using to grow your blog. They're not the same as your regular email newsletter. Instead, they are simple courses that drip content to your readers as soon as they sign up for your email marketing mailing list. They are a great way to drive deeper engagement with your readers, and keep them connected to your brand. Our "6 Free Marketing Tips" autoresponder course is consistently one of our best methods for driving new email addresses to our list. It is a major source of new leads for our product, and (shhh...don't tell) was put together using content that we originally created ages ago. That's right, autoresponder courses are a great way to recycle older content for a new audience. 24.  Make Your Blog Faster Faster? Yes, faster. Back in 2010, Google engineer Matt Cutts announced that Google is now factoring site speed into search rankings. So, it only makes sense that you would make your blog as fast as possible. Credit: Search Engine Journal One of the things that happens with blogs, especially WordPress-driven ones, is that we fill it up with a bunch of crummy plugins and themes that degrade our site's performance slowly over time. It's important that you spend some time reclaiming that speed and improving how you rate on Google. While it can be a bit technical, WPMU DEV has a great guide for speeding up your WordPress blog. Follow it, speed things up, live long and prosper. 25. Promote Your Content Mercilessly One of the biggest mistakes that content marketers make is that they focus more on the content than its promotion. While it is true that great content can "rise to the top," the biggest winners are still the ones that promote themselves the best. The best content marketers aren't the best at making content – they are the best at selling it.There are a ton of ways to growth hack your content marketing, but none of them compare to promoting your content mercilessly, and fighting for each new visit. Don't make the big mistake of assuming that if you write it, they will come. You have to go out and tell people about what you've written. What Content Marketing Growth Hacks Will You Rock? Content hacking is, at its core, all about making your content easy to find, consume, and share. Anything that helps break down barriers to these three foundational concepts is a content hack worth trying. What content hack has worked the best for you?

Pros and Cons of Homeschooling for Military Families

Pros and Cons of Homeschooling for Military Families With military families changing duty stations an average of six to nine times over a 20-year career, homeschooling has a distinct appeal. Ensuring that military kids get a high-quality education can be challenging. It’s no secret that states may have discrepancies in educational requirements (though Common Core serves to narrow these gaps) and this can lead to gaps or repetition in a child’s education. While there are programs in place to help children keep consistency in their academic journey, there are no guarantees. As a result, some military families end up thinking about whether part-time or full-time homeschooling might provide a workable solution.   Parents considering making the switch to homeschooling should consider the pros and cons of this form of education before leaving traditional schooling behind. Homeschooling Benefits Homeschooling allows children to follow an individualized learning plan. Whether you decide to use a correspondence program or complete your own lesson plans, you can work at a pace that fits your child’s unique learning style. And if your children have different approaches and strengths in school, you can use different curriculum providers for different members of the family. Homeschooling also provides flexibility for families. If youre facing a military move in the middle of the school year, no problem! You decide when â€Å"summer† vacation occurs. You can give your child three one-month breaks throughout the year, a standard three-month summer, or whatever works for your family. To keep the kids on track, give them a book list to read on your travels, and let them prepare a presentation on their favorite. With homeschooling, the curriculum progresses consistently at your child’s unique learning rate, no matter where you are. From Germany to Lewis-McCord, you’re covered on every base! This is a huge benefit for military families. Many home teaching and correspondence programs have online options that allow you to connect to top-tier teaching facilities. Homeschooling Challenges One of the great things about school is the social interactions they allow children to have with peers. Homeschooling a child limits these interactions, but, fortunately, many military bases have activities and camps that allow kids to connect with one another. You can also get involved with a local place of worship or community recreation facility to find opportunities for children to get out of the house and meet new friends. You may also be able to get together with other homeschooling families, which will give the kids an opportunity to socialize or work on team projects. Parents who homeschool also face the challenge of deciding whether theyre equipped to teach their children a variety of subjects. Many people struggle in at least one subject area, and some states have determined that parents should be qualified to teach their children. As a result, they have implemented homeschool parent qualification requirements. Make sure you meet these requirements before you start down the homeschool path. If you struggle in a certain area, a correspondence or distance learning program might make more sense for that subject. If several subjects are difficult for you, homeschooling may not be a good fit for your family at all. It’s all about knowing your own limits and doing what’s best for your children. That said, if there are other homeschooling families nearby, you may be able to rely on other parents’ strengths in areas where you’re a little weaker, and vice versa. Keep in mind that should you be reassigned to a different city, youll likely lose access to these parents. Finally, homeschooling your children may mean they miss out on college scholarships from participating in sports or other extracurricular activities. However, changing duty stations in the middle of high school might have the same effect. To help your teens qualify for college scholarships, you may want to consider enrolling them in community college courses and programs that will demonstrate their initiative and academic ability instead.

Nursing Roles for Advanced Practice-Resources (Certified Nurse Essay

Nursing Roles for Advanced Practice-Resources (Certified Nurse Midwife) - Essay Example sing people in nursing homes, refugee camps, and a variety of places that other people would otherwise not go were they not in the nursing profession, which is a helping profession. Today’s nurse is more preoccupied with more logistics than before, but that has increasingly become more possible with technological advances in nursing now. The major components of my future professional role include maintaining a high level of quality care as well as a professional image. According to the ANA website (2011), â€Å"The American Nurses Association (ANA) represents Americas registered nurses (RNs). We promote high nursing quality [and] address nursing ethics [issues]† (pgh. 1). The required components of graduate education for my specific role mainly include two things: 1) completion of a successful training program; 2) having the required credits to graduate in my field; and 3) clinical experience. My current program of study helps address all of these requirements by helping me to not only receive a theoretical foundation, but also provides a place where praxis takes place. 1. Go to the American Nurses Credentialing Center and look up and describe possible advanced certification exams and criteria relevant to your future specialty practice. http://www.nursecredentialing.org/cert/eligibility.html There is an exam required for case management. For case management nursing certification, the American Nurses Credentialing Center (2011) says, â€Å"All requirements must be completed prior to application for the examination. [One must]: [h]old a current, active RN license in a state or territory of the United States or the professional, legally recognized equivalent in another country; [h]ave practiced the equivalent of two years full time as a registered nurse; [h]ave a minimum of 2,000 hours of clinical practice in case management nursing within the last three years; [and] [h]ave completed 30 hours of continuing education in case management within the last three

RYANAIR CASE ANALYSIS NOTES Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

RYANAIR CASE ANALYSIS NOTES - Coursework Example Threat of new entrant into the industry is extremely low. This is because large capital is required for other aircrafts to enter the market. Additionally, the period for required for other firms to market themselves, is long (Creaton, 3). Finally Europe is extensively industrialized therefore getting space to build a new airport may be impossible. Ryanair face relatively stiff competition from substitutes. There exist alternative and affordable methods of transportation like high-speed electric trains and ferries. Furthermore, a bigger population of Europe residents own personal cars. This means that they can easily switch to driving. Buyers bargaining power is medium. As with many businesses, customers are always sensitive to prices. If Ryanair increases its prices, customer will shift to other planes whose prices are lower. In other words, Ryanair has not worn its customer’s loyalty. The power of suppliers to Ryanair is extremely high. All aircrafts owned by the company are Boeing. If the manufacture of Boeing denies Ryanair its services, Ryanair will undergo extensive loss. Jet engine fuel is controlled by few companies in Europe. As a result, Ryanair controls it through hedging (Creaton, 8). Finally, regional may decide to increase their charges on planes. In order to avoid this, Ryanair has come up with policies that make them avoid such regions. Finally, there is stiff competition in the market. Other flight companies like Easyjet and Aer Lingus have also adopted the tactic of offering low cost to passengers. Since this low cost model may become a trend, Full Service airline may also imitate the model posing more competition to Ryanair. Through PESTEL framework, the political, economic, social cultural, technological, ethical and legal environment impacting Ryanair will be discussed. Political environment affecting Ryanair

US Role in Middle East Democracy

US Role in Middle East Democracy Democracy is described as a system of government whereby the power is vested in the people by electing representatives who rule them. It is also described as a government of the people by the people. Democracy was started in the ancient Greece and in England after the Magna Carta treaty of 1215. Greece citizens were allowed to speak and vote in the assembly. The Magna Carta treaty, on the hand, delegated some of the king’s powers to the people. The American Revolution is also credited with making a landmark in democracy by the creation of the Declaration of Independence by Thomas Jefferson in 1776. Democratic principles require the equal treatment of all people and running an institution in a manner that is deemed impartial and fair. Other principles of democracy include respect to the rule of law and protection of the rights of the minorities (Diamond, Plattner, Brumberg). Democracies have been for and granted as a result of wars, revolutions, and economic circumstances. Tod ay the Middle East and in the greater Arab states’ democracy has been plagued by conflicts and authoritarian regimes exercising total control over the people. In the early 1990’s the United States began emphasizing on the development of civil societies in the Middle East through democratic aid pacts. By the 2009 fiscal year, the US annual assistance in the region surpassed the total amount of democratic aid pacts spent between 1991 and 2001. Though the pacts were categorized as democratic aids, it was not necessarily meant to promote the Middle East democracy rather than stability. Most of the Ngo’s who received US assistance avoided doing any act that could be construed as supporting a regime change (Diamond, Plattner, Brumberg). The US is more concerned about maintaining stability rather than the tenets of democracy. Democracy entails the alternation of power from the state to the people. America’s diplomacy in the Middle East is based on maintaining t he status quo and endorsing sheer stability, rather than upholding the ideals and principles of democracy. Tamara Wittes on Americas role in building Arab democracy In the recent years, the promotion of democracy has been a pillar of the US foreign policy not only in the Middle East, but across the globe. However, the true tenets and principles of democracy have always been evaded and questionable in the US foreign policy in the US. The US has supported authoritarian regimes and dictators to ensure stability and US interest and in return turned a blind eye to regime’s usurping of democracy. The US supported Saddam Hussein in Iran-Iraq war but later turned against him when he was perceived as weak after invading Kuwait, a longtime US ally in the Middle East. The Middle East is known to harbor over 60 percent of the world’s global oil reserves, and thus the US is more inclined to maintain stability in the region by overlooking implementation of democracy by the ruling regimes (Wittes,2008). Democracy is an evolutionary aspect rather than revolutionary. After the US invasion of Iraq in 2003, the country held its first general election in 2005 to mark a transition from an authoritarian regime to democracy. However, to date, America still maintains a military presence in Iraq not to further the course of democracy but to maintain stability and security crucial to US foreign policy interests. Schools of thought in the US foreign policy international relations in the Middle East believe the country pursues stability at the expense of democracy in the region. When the Bush administration failed to prove Saddam’s weapons of mass destruction after 9/11, the administration used the notion of democracy to invade Iraq to stamp out Al-Qaeda. The use of democracy as an affront to war was based on the notion that, the overthrow of Saddam’s rule would bring a democratic domino effect across the entire Middle East region. The invasion of Iraq was not entirely based on ensuring democracy, but a US policy of maintaining security and stability in the region. The then, US Secretary of State, Condoleezza Rice on her nomination hearing before the Senate’s Foreign Relations Committee in January 2005, announced that one of the administration’s diplomacy priorities is to strengthen the community democracies to fight and alleviate common security threats and ensure stability (Wittes,2008). The US ‘soft democracy promotion’ in the Middle East can be explained in two ways. The US fears it may bring about unfavorable results that may not be in tandem with Washington’s interests. This can be attributed to the election of Islamic factions in Lebanon, Palestine and Iraq who oppose America’s liberal democracy in the region. In Palestinian, the US pushed for elections in return for a guaranteed US support for a future Palestinian state. The elections culminated in the election of Hamas, an Islamic group classified as a terrorist organization by the US and EU. Hamas refused to recognize Israel’s right to exist, and it later led to the refusal of the UN, EU, US and Russia to recognize Hamas as the legitimate representative of the Palestinian people. (Wittes,2008). Witte also articulates that, the US fears a conflict of interest situation with its allies which may hinder co-operation on strategic issues in the region. For example, to openly deman d for the promotion of democracy in Saudi Arabia may constrain its relationship with the US and push towards China or Russia or run the risk of Islamic radicals taking over the country. Principal determinants of the US Policy in the Middle East Since the Second World War, the Middle East has been of essential interest to the United States. Today, the Middle East has evolved to become a permanent US geopolitical interest. The US policy in the region has long been based on economic factors and regional stability. These determinants have been essential to US that they have overridden democracy and the principles of democracy in the region (Dodge, 2008). Middle East’s presence of oil reserves is a key determinant of the US policy and elations in the Middle East. A 1945 US State Department memorandum described Saudi Arabia’s oil reserves as a stupendous source of strategic and one of the world’s greatest material prizes in history. In 2006, 27 percent of the world’s oil came from the Middle East with the US buying over half of it. President G. W. Bush acknowledged this by stating that, ‘America is addicted to oil’ (Dodge, 2008). US’s dependence on the Middle East oil illustrates that the US will always be cautious about taking any aggressive stance that might be upset or strain its Middle East allies. Nonetheless, as the world’s most powerful nation and the biggest economy, the US has a responsibility to protect this vital interest. In return, the US gets favorable oil prices and strategic partners in the region. The vital oil interest in the Middle East makes the US overlook the exercise of democracy in the region, keep supporting the ruling regimes to ensure there is stability in the region. Today, in Saudi Arabia women are not allowed to vote or lead certain key institutions and the US is its biggest oil importer (Dodge, 2008). The US turns a blind eye on this key violation of democracy for fear that democracy may lead to instability in the region. The US instead keeps a diplomatic policy that maintains the status quo in the region to maintain stability and protect this key economic interest . US democracy effects of in respective Middle East states The US and Israel-and the Palestinians The Jewish state is a key US ally in the Middle East since the recognition of the state by President Harry Truman in 1948. Since then Israel has continued to enjoy US support over time. Israel’s support has remained to be a pillar of US foreign policy in the Middle East as the one of the few democratic states in the region. The US policy of the state is based on several factors in that, to ensure stability in the region and a stable ally. However, Israel’s unwavering US support however, pitted it against its neighbour states who viewed it as a threat to Palestine (Dodge, 2008). Israel has over time been accused of violating known international human rights, and the tenets of democracy but the US has however supported the state for the maintenance of stability in the region. The US backed Israel in its military strikes against the Palestinian authority and militants in the Gaza strip and the occupied territories of the west bank during the rule of Ariel Sharon. Subsequently, the US push for democracy in the Palestinian territories led to the election of a religious extremist group with terrorist affiliations. The US preconditioned the Palestinian territories to allow room for democracy and in return the US would support the formation of a future Palestinian state (Dodge, 2008). The elections culminated in the election of Hamas, an Islamic group classified as a terrorist organization by the US and EU. Hamas refused to recognize Israel’s right to exist, and it later led to the refusal of the UN, EU, US and Russia to recognize Hamas as the legitimate representative of the Palestinian people. The preset preconditions were that the Palestine territories would accept Israel’s right to existence, abandon violence and acknowledge previous Palestine-Israel agreements. In 2007, following a forcible capture of Gaza by Hamas the US responded by imposing economic sanctions on the Palestinian enclave. The US at the same time rapidly increased funding of the West-Bank under the control of Fatah. Fatah was headed by Mahmoud Abbas had received US support in his candidacy for prime minister and president in 2003 and 2005 respectively. The US’s intention of the increased Fatah’s funding was to undermine the Hamas movement and strengthen the Fatah party. This scenario indicates that the US promoted Fatah because there was a viable condition for having a democracy and ensuring in the region (Dodge, 2008). Bahrain In the Middle East Bahrain is an key US ally primarily due to the location of US Navy Fifth Fleet command headquarters situated in the country’s capital and due to Bahrain’s importance to Saudi Arabia as a check to Iran. Bahrain’s ruling government is comprised of the Sunni minority whereas the Shia Muslims, who are the country’s majority are minimally represented in government. The principles of democracy articulate that, in any democratic setting the ruling government must respect and teat the minority in equal measure as the majority. However, the US tends to overlook this aspect for the maintenance of stability in the region. Military aid in the country increased in 2001 from 235,000 dollars to 90.4 million in 2004 (Carothers Ottaway,2010). This was largely attributed to the US’s policy of key Bahrain as an ally and maintaining stability in the region by allowing the continued stay of US troops in the region. Iraq The Iraq invasion of 2003 was based on based on the notion that there was a need to counter US threats and bring stability and the only way viable way to do so was by introducing democracy in Iraq. Saddam’s twenty four year rule was overthrown amid an effort to bring democracy to the country and the entire Middle East region. The introduction of democracy in Iraq was seen as the cornerstone of democracy in the entire region. US Secretary of State Condoleeza Rice termed the transformation of Iraq as a key element of a very distinct Middle East (Dalacoura,2005). The fall of Saddam’s Baath party led to a collapse of public order which was highly unanticipated by the US. The collapse gave birth to the formation of Islamic insurgent groups that engaged the US in a war to push them out of Iraq. An extreme shortage in basic necessities such as food and water swept across the country. Insecurity became rampant and majority of the people were displaced, and a new conflict was fo rmed. A conflict between the US military and Iraq insurgents. The collapse of public order threatened stability in the region and led engagement of the longest US war in history. In Saddam’s twenty-four year rule, Iraq largely experienced stability and public order which was constrained by US’s introduction of democracy in the country. After the formation of an elected government, the country privatized all state -owned companies in all sectors except oil and minerals. This was viewed an economic reform of the country. New bilateral agreements were signed to ensure stability in the region (Dalacoura,2005). Jordan Due to its constitutional monarch, Jordan has for a long time been regarded as one of the most stable states in the Middle East. During the Bush administration, Jordan and the US only engage on an ‘as needed’ basis only. However, after the Iraq invasion in 2003, this need be basis changed. The US reviewed its relations with the Jordan and democratic reforms. However, the renewed interest of democracy in US was based on ensuring stability in the region and the significance of maintenance of peace with Israel. An agreement with the US was signed that allowed Jordan to consolidate its debt with the US. In return, Jordan agreed to train Iraq police on its soil to help combat the growing insurgency in Iraq. State interactions between the two countries increased (Carothers Ottaway,2010). Lebanon Renewed calls for democracy in Lebanon led to the country’s first free and fair general elections in 2005. The election resulted in the election of Hezbollah, a terrorist group in government. Election of the group to government led to widespread negative press against the US, but the US still kept maintaining diplomatic relations with the country for the sake of stability. The introduction of democracy in the country by US was perceived as a way maintaining stability by giving people a chance to elect leaders of their choice (Carothers Ottaway,2010). However, the election of Hezbollah faced the US with a dilemma of how to maintain diplomatic relations with the country with a government that representatives with known terrorist affiliations Syria Due to Syria’s classification as a state sponsor of terrorism the US only exercises minimal direct interactions with the state. Syria has been ruled by the Assad dynasty for decades. The Assads practice total authoritarian rule over their subjects. Under the Obama administration, the US threatened to invade Syria to impose democracy and rule of law in the country. The invasion was vetoed by Russia in the UN Security Council meeting. After the veto of military intervention, the US sponsored a revolution to topple that Assad government by supplying weapons to the revolutionary groups Documents on Democracy. (2014). A general election was held in 2014, and Bashar al-Assad won by a landslide victory. 88.7 percent of the electorates elected him even after been opposed by the US. Though the US did not explicitly acknowledge Assad’s election it recommended the people for participating in the election. References Carothers, T., Ottaway, M. (Eds.). (2010). Uncharted journey: promoting democracy in the Middle East. Carnegie Endowment Dalacoura, K. (2005). US democracy promotion in the Arab Middle East since 11 September 2001: a critique. International affairs, 81(5), 963-979. Dodge, T. (2008). US foreign policy in the Middle East (pp. 214-235). Oxford University Press. Documents on Democracy. (2014). Journal Of Democracy, 25(4), 180-185. doi:10.1353/jod.2014.0078 Diamond, L. J., Plattner, M. F., Brumberg, D. (Eds.). (2003). Islam and democracy in the Middle East. Baltimore and London: Johns Hopkins University Press. Wittes, Tamara Cofman (2008). Freedom’s unsteady march: Americas role in building Arab democracy. The Brookings Institution

Assisted Suicide-Rebuttal

Rebuttal: Physician Assisted Suicide Rebuttal: Physician Assisted Suicide Assisted suicide has been a controversial topic since long before this past election. Physician assisted suicide (PAS) is when a physician gives a patient, usually terminally ill, the means to end their life by self-administered lethal injection or an overdose of drugs (Marker). PAS should not be confused with euthanasia, which is when a person other than the patient causes the death. Ben Mattlin’s article, â€Å"Suicide by Choice?Not So Fast,† argues that the Massachusetts measure to make physician assisted suicide legal in cases for those who have six months or less to live, should not be supported. Mattlin contends that passing the â€Å"right to die,† will lead to abuse and coercion of patients that feel forced to end their lives (Mattlin, 2012). Mattlin’s article cites that in Oregon, Washington, and Montana, where physician assisted suicides have been made legal, there has been scant evidence of abuse and in Massachusetts alone there were over 200,000 cases of elder abuse in 2010 (Mattlin, 2012).He uses two seemingly similar points to support his own rationalization and applies a scare tactic to substitute fear for reason (Moore, 2009). Mattlin bases his claim on comparing the abuse of physician assisted death in other states to elder abuse in Massachusetts, committing a rhetorical analogy. This is also an example of the slippery slope fallacy (Moore, 2009). Since elderly abuse is already so prominent, â€Å"how will assisted suicide be abused if it becomes legal? † While the context of abuse is similar, Mattlin states nothing to support that elder abuse leads to assisted death abuse but implies that PAS abuse will rise if legalized.The Massachusetts measure would apply to those having terminal illnesses with six month or less to live, however, Mattlin uses his own experience as a sufferer of disbilitating spinal muscular atrophy to argue his opini on. This is an example of the straw man fallacy (Moore, 2009) because Mattlin’s initial prognosis of not living past the age of two (Mattlin, 2012), is a misinterpretaton of legalizing PAS for terminally ill patients with less than six month to live. In the article, it is evident that Mattlin concedes his situation is atypical, but he uses his anomoly to support the validity of his point.Now nearly 50 years old, a husband and father with a career, Mattlin points out that doctors’ needs to render judgement and opinion is a source of coercion that limits patients’ alternatives to continue living. He argues that if not for his family’s support for continued medical intervention to keep him alive, his seeming diagnosis and prognosis left doctors questioning whether to extend his life. To have survived his affliction for this long and been able to have a fulfilling life does not make him an authority on the options for those suffering from terminal illnesses.U sing his own illness as a credible source is an appeal to authority even though he is not a medical expert nor has he claimed any other reputable sources for his opinion other than experience. Mattlin leads the reader to conclude that physican assisted suicide is not really a voluntary, free choice, decision made by the patient to end their pain and suffering, but a limited decision that does not take into account depression and coercion. He makes emotional arguments on why the right to die should not be legalized, but the opinions are not based on reliable, credible, or valid data to logically support his argument.

Comparing the Similarity in Themes in Alex Garlands The...

Comparing the Similarity in Themes in Alex Garlands The Beach and William Goldings Lord of the Flies There are a number of themes which are common to The Beach by Alex Garland and Lord of the Flies by William Golding. Four of these themes will be reviewed in this essay by comparing the characters and the events which occur. The themes are, first, isolation, which is developed in both books relatively near the beginning of each. Secondly, the fact that things are not as they seem, for example, The vicious morning sun, and, the desire to squeeze and hurt was over-mastering, from The Beach and Lord of the Flies respectively. Thirdly, in both novels insanity is a significant aspect, with†¦show more content†¦Similarly in Lord of the Flies, Simon begins as a respected member of the community and is selected by Ralph, the leader, to accompany him exploring. However, as the novel develops, Simon becomes gradually more isolated, until many hardly notice he no longer spent time with them. Ralph says of him, Hes queer. Hes funny Lord of the Flies He is isolated from the group mentally and physically, for, in his mind he believes the other inhabitants think he is strange and no longer useful to them. This is a quote from when Simon is talking to The Beast, a figment of the boys imagination, Well then, said the Lord of the Flies, youd better run off and play with the others. They think youre batty. You dont want Ralph to think your batty do you? Lord of the Flies Elsewhere there are more examples of Simons isolation, He was kneeling down on one knee, looking down from a higher rock, alone. Lord of the Flies This might suggest that Simon is set apart from the others on a different level. Both Richards and Simons isolation develops dramatically, with large sections of both books featuring them in complete separation from the others. In addition, this seclusion influences many key events, such as Simons murder in Lord of the Flies, A